Recurrent chronic suppurative osteomyelitis in the maxilla of a patient with diabetes mellitus and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

AIMS: To report the case of chronic osteomyelitis of a maxilla in a woman with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and mental illness, in an attempt to clarify its pathogenesis and treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: A case of a woman with moderate G6PD deficiency (Class III) who developed bilateral and asynchronous chronic suppurative osteomyelitis (CSO) of her maxilla with extensive bone sequestra, fistulae and whose management was performed by local surgery for bony sequestra and fistulae removal; closure communication under 4 weeks antibiotic cover. CONCLUSIONS: CSO of the jaw may be a complication of the G6PD deficiency and DM and its severity depends on patient's medical status.

Dystrophic calcification vs sialolithiasis in a pediactric parotid gland: A case report.

Calcinosis is a connective tissue disorder characterized by ectopic calcification in soft tissues. It is subdivided into: dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic and iatrogenic calcification. The formation of mineralized material in the salivary glands is a common finding in the daily practice of dentists and other specialists. In most cases, this calcification is a sialolith. However, a type of ectopic calcification termed dystrophic calcification is characterized by inappropriate biomineralization in soft tissues and may be associated with trauma, chronic and localized infection or inflammatory diseases. We report a case of a 9-year-old female patient who complained of small nodules in the left parotid region, which begun two years before. Her main complaint was of recurring periods of worsened symptoms characterized by the exacerbation and symptomatic remission of the gland volume with occasional otolaryngologic infections. This study aims to discuss ectopic dystrophic calcification in the parotid gland associated with recurrent infection in children. Key words:Dystrophic calcification, salivary gland, pediatric pathology.

Garré`s osteomyelitis: a case report with a 6-month follow-up

Introduction: Garrè's osteomyelitis is a rare, chronic infection associated with proliferative periostitis that induces reactional bone neoformation. Objective: To report the clinical case of successful treatment of Garre's osteomyelitis in a young patient. Case report: An 11-year-old girl visited a dental clinic with complaints of volume increase in the mandibular border accompanied by pain and facial asymmetry. Computed tomography revealed extensive tooth destruction, a periapical lesion, and several radiopaque bone laminations parallel to the mandible cortex, all findings suggestive of Garrè's osteomyelitis. The patient was treated by tooth removal and antibiotic therapy, and the condition was completely resolved, with decreased facial asymmetry at the 6-month follow up. Conclusion: Once the diagnosis of Garrè's osteomyelitis is established and proper treatment is provided, the prognosis tends to be extremely favorable and bone remodeling should be considered until the affected surface returns to its normal anatomy.

Introdução: A osteomielite de Garrè é um tipo raro e crônico de infecção óssea associado a periostite proliferativa que induz neoformação óssea reacional. Objetivo: relatar o caso clínico de osteomielite de Garrè em uma paciente jovem tratada com sucesso. Relato de caso : Paciente do gênero feminino, 11 anos compareceu ao serviço odontológico com queixa de aumento de volume em borda de mandíbula acompanhada de dor e assimetria facial. A tomografia computadorizada revelou extensa destruição dentária associada a lesão periapical e a presença de várias laminações ósseas radiopacas paralelas ao cortical da mandibula, sugerindo o diagnóstico de osteomielite de Garrè. O caso foi tratado com a remoção do elemento dentário associado a antibioticoterapia, o que resolveu completamente a infecção e diminuiu a assimetria facial conforme constatado após 6 meses de proservação. Conclusão: Uma vez estabelecido o diagnóstico de osteomielite de Garrè, e a infecção adequadamente tratada, o prognóstico tende a ser extremamente favorável e a remodelação óssea deve ocorrer continuamente até que a superfície retorne à sua anatomia normal.

Lingual amyloidosis associated to long-term hemodialysis: Two case reports.

The ß2-microglobulin amyloidosis is a newly recognized type of systemic amyloidosis, which occurs in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing long-term hemodialysis. The dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) of the tongue is an uncommon and late complication, which occurs in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis for more than 20 years. The aim of this paper is to report two cases of lingual amyloidosis associated with long-term hemodialysis. Two patients were referred to the Oral Medicine Clinic due to the presence of multiple nodules on the tongue and macroglossia. The patients had history of chronic renal failure and had been dialysed for more 20 years with bio-incompatible cellulose membrane. Biopsies of the lesions were performed and the histopathological features and Congo red stain revealed oral amyloidosis. Both patients remain in clinical follow-up after 12 and 6 months, respectively. Recognition of the amyloidosis tongue lesions can minimize the complications caused by this condition such as obstruction of the upper airways, making it imperative to carry out early treatment. Furthermore, in patients with oral amyloidosis, lesions in areas of trauma may ulcerate and cause pain and dysphagia becoming necessary periodic surgical removal and regular follow-up of these patients.

Changes in the vibration sensitivity and pressure pain thresholds in patients with burning mouth syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of changes in vibration detection and pressure pain threshold in patients with burning-mouth syndrome (BMS). DESIGN OF THE STUDY: Case-control study. The sample was composed of 30 volunteers, 15 with BMS and 15 in the control group. The pressure-pain threshold (PPT) and vibration-detection threshold (VDT) were examined. The clinical evaluation was complemented with the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) and Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI, respectively). RESULTS: BMS subjects showed a statistically significant higher PPT in the tongue (p = 0.002), right (p = 0.001) and left (p = 0.004) face, and a significant reduction of the VDT in the tongue (p = 0.013) and right face (p = 0.030). Significant differences were also found when comparing the PPT and the VDT of distinct anatomical areas. However, a significant interaction (group × location) was only for the PPT. BMS subjects also showed significantly higher levels of depression (p = 0.01), as measured by the BDI, compared to controls; and a significant inverse correlation between the VDT in the left face and anxiety levels was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The study of somatosensory changes in BMS and its correlations with the clinical features as well as the levels of anxiety and depression expands current understanding of the neuropathic origin and the possible contribution of psychogenic factors related to this disease.

Craniomaxillofacial morphology alterations in children, adolescents and adults with neurofibromatosis 1: A cone beam computed tomography analysis of a Brazilian sample

Background: Oral manifestations are common in neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), and include jaws and teeth alterations. Our aim was to investigate the craniomaxillofacial morphology of Brazilian children, adolescents and adults with NF1 using cone beam computed tomography. Material and Methods: This study was conducted with 36 Brazilian individuals with NF1 with ages ranging from 4 to 75. The participants were submitted to anamnesis, extra and intraoral exam and cephalometric analysis using cone beam computed tomography. Height of the NF1 individuals was compared to the length of jaws and skull base. The results of the cephalometric measurements of the NF1 group were compared with a control group paired by age, gender and skin color. Results: Individuals with NF1 had lower maxillary length (p<0.0001), lower mandibular length (p<0.0001), lower skull base length (p<0.0001. In children and adolescents, the mandible was more posteriorly positioned (p=0.01), when compared with the control group. There was no association between jaws and skull base length with the height of the individuals with NF1. Conclusions: Brazilian children, adolescents and adults with NF1 have short mandible, maxilla and skull base. Moreover, children and adolescents present mandibular retrusion (AU)

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Odontogenic keratocystic tumor: a clinical and histopathologic retrospective study based on the New WHO classification / Tumor odontogénico queratoquístico: estudio clínico e histopatológico retrospectivo basado en la nueva clasificación de la OMS

The aim was to review previous cases of Odontogenic Keratocyst or Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor according to the new WHO classification. We used all cases diagnosed as Odontogenic Keratocyst or Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor registered in the archives of the Pathologic Anatomy Laboratory of the Department of Pathology and Oral Diagnosis of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which were collected from September, 1983 until September, 2008. The terms “Keratocyst” or “Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor” were searched for and the following data were collected from the case files: age, sex, location of the lesion(s), and patients’ chief complaints. Hematoxilin and Eosin slides were reviewed according to the 2005 WHO criteria. The results found are in accordance with the literature. Due to its benign features, the Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Keratocyst found in our sample had its diagnosis changed to Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst, as recommended by the WHO. Histopathologic exams are required for every bone lesion, in order to establish correct diagnosis. Because of its features, the Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor must have more aggressive treatment, compared with odontogenic cysts, and long-term follow-up is mandatory.

El objetivo fue revisar los casos anteriores de queratoquiste odontogénico (QO) o tumor odontogénico queratoquístico (TOQ) de acuerdo con la nueva clasificación de la OMS. Fueron utilizados todos los casos diagnosticados como QO o TOQ registrados en los archivos del Laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica del Departamento de Patología y Diagnóstico Oral de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, registrados a partir de septiembre de 1983 hasta septiembre del 2008. Los términos "Queratoquiste" o "tumor queratoquistes odontogénicos" se buscaron y los siguientes datos se obtuvieron de los archivos del caso: edad, sexo, localización de la lesión (es), y quejas de los pacientes. Las muestras histológicas de hematoxilina y eosina fueron revisadas de acuerdo a los criterios de la OMS 2005. Los resultados encontrados estaban de acuerdo con la literatura. Debido a sus características benignas, el queratoquiste odontogénico ortoqueratinizado encontrado en nuestra muestra había cambiado su diagnóstico de quiste odontogénico ortoqueratinizado, según lo recomendado por la OMS. Los exámenes histopatológicos son necesarios para toda lesión ósea, con el fin de establecer el diagnóstico correcto. Debido a sus características, el TOQ debe tener un tratamiento más agresivo, en comparación con los quistes odontogénicos, donde un seguimiento a mediano y largo plazo es obligatorio.

Úlceras Aftosas Recorrentes e sua possível associação ao estresse / Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers and a possible association with stress

A lesão de afta é considerada a alteração mais comum da mucosa oral em humanos e se caracteriza por uma lesão circular, claramente definida, dolorosa, com centro necrótico, bordas elevadas e halo eritematoso. Até hoje, não ocorreu a caracterização de um agente etiológico especifico para essa afecção. No entanto, várias são as referências, na literatura, que consideram o estresse um dos fatores predisponentes para sua patogenia. Visando a estabelecer uma correlação entre esses processos, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os efeitos do estresse no sistema imunológico e a possível atuação desse sistema na origem das lesões de afta.

Enzimas citocromo P450 e sua correlação com os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer de boca: um estado da arte / Cytochrome P450 enzymes and their correlation with the risk factors for the development of the oral cancer: state of the art

O desenvolvimento do câncer de boca está associado a fatores de risco herdados e extrínsecos, como o uso do tabaco, o consumo de álcool, a dieta e outros. Xenobióticos (substâncias estranhas ao organismo) sofrem biotransformação, principalmente por enzimas citocromo P450, que apresentam localização hepática e extra-hepática, como na cavidade oral e no esôfago, e são ativados em compostos altamente reativos, que podem interagir com macromoléculas, como o DNA, causando mutações, o que pode, assim, levar ao aparecimento do câncer. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o papel das enzimas citocromo P450 na carcinogênese oral e discutir as diversas correlações dessas enzimas com os fatores de risco que estão envolvidos no processo bioquímico e genético de formação neoplásica.

Cistos e tumores odontogênicos: estudo epidemiológico / Odontogenic cysts and tumors: an epidemiologic study

Os tecidos bucais são alvo de ampla variedade de lesões odontogênicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a freqüência com que os cistos e tumores odontogênicos foram diagnosticados na Clínica de Estomatologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) no período de 1986 a 2002. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos prontuários clínicos com confirmação histológica. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: diagnóstico definitivo, sexo, faixa etária e localização da lesão. Foram levantados 131 casos, sendo 89 (68 por cento) de cistos e 42 (32 por cento) de tumores odontogênicos. Dentre os cistos odontogênicos, os mais comuns foram os de origem inflamatória, seguidos pelo Cisto Dentígero e Ceratocisto. O tumor odontogênico mais prevalente foi o Odontoma, seguido do Ameloblastoma. Conclui-se que as características encontradas são concordantes com as de outros estudos semelhantes.

Green pigmentation of deciduous teeth: report of two cases.

The purpose of this paper was to present 2 cases of green pigmentation in primary teeth caused by hyperbilirubinemia, from different pathologies during the neonatal period. Medical history revealed systemic problems during the neonatal period of an infectious, neurological, renal, respiratory, and cardiological nature, as well as a high amount of bilirubin in both cases and hepatitis in the first. The staining in the teeth was due to hyperbilirubinemia, caused by these systemic conditions. The clinical characteristics of teeth may help in the diagnosis of present current or past systemic diseases. The reported cases confirm the relevance of past medical history in establishing the diagnosis of the etiology of green pigmentation as a result of high levels of bilirubin serum.

Hemihipertrofia do tipo complexo / Complex hemihypertrophy: presentation of clinical case and literature review

Os autores tecem considerações a respeito da hemihipertrofia do tipo complexo, juntamente com a descrição de um caso clínico

Carcinoma Epidermóide Central: originário do revestimento epitelial de um ceratocisto / Squamous cell carcinoma: from epitelial lining of odontogenic keratocyst

A autora relata um caso raro de Carcinoma Epidermóide Central, originário a partir do epitélio de um ceratocisto em uma paciente feminina, cinqüenta anos, com história prévia de extração de terceiro molar incluso. Foi feita uma revisão dos artigos em língua inglesa, tendo se constatado a raridade da lesão